That is because there is no enough space to show all text, and VBox will resize its children to their preferred size where the labels just hides their overflowed texts. To see the used layouts' borders (with their paddings applied) visually try:
vb1.setStyle("-fx-border-color:red");
vb2.setStyle("-fx-border-color:green");
vb3.setStyle("-fx-border-color:blue");
lb1.setStyle("-fx-border-color:yellow");
lb2.setStyle("-fx-border-color:aqua");
and so on..
As a solution:
1) Enlarge the window size or reduce paddings/insets.
2) Force the labels to show all text by giving min height lb1.setMinHeight(70);
.