As explained in '?plot', 'x' and 'y' must be two vectors of numerics, of same size:
df=structure(list(X500000 = 0.0958904109589041, X1500000 = 0.10958904109589, X2500000 = 0.10958904109589, X3500000 = 0.164383561643836, X4500000 = 0.136986301369863, X5500000 = 0.205479452054795, X6500000 = 0.136986301369863, X7500000 = 0.0273972602739726, X8500000 = 0.0821917808219178, X9500000 = 0.178082191780822), .Names = c("X500000", "X1500000", "X2500000", "X3500000", "X4500000", "X5500000", "X6500000", "X7500000", "X8500000", "X9500000"), class = "data.frame", row.names = 79L)
plot(x=as.numeric(substr(names(df),2,nchar(names(df)))), as.numeric(df), xlab="This is xlab", ylab="This is y")