Could be nothing more than another mysterious grieving crap from Apple.
Today I have faced this myself, first time after using four different Mac Minis as build servers for Continuous Integration of Mobile apps for about two years or so.
My Jenkins runs the osascript from the bash script to build the app.
A few days ago the office experienced the power outage and all Macs went down. After powering them back on I have got this error at osascript execution on one of my Macs.
I have tried just to re-build - with the same result.
First thing I stumbled upon was https://jacobsalmela.com/2014/08/04/infamous-execution-error-error-type-10810-occurred-10810/ , but none of them applied to me.
Then I googled more general 10810 issue occurrences and went through couple of questions here on SO.
Still no luck.
Next I reached to the server via SSH using PuTTY and tried telling Terminal to do the very basic script like
osascript -e 'tell application "Terminal"
activate
tell window 1
do script "counter=0; while true; do if [ \"$counter\" -gt \"10\" ]; then
break; else counter=$((counter + 1)); sleep 1; fi; done; exit;"
end tell
end tell'
This worked fine.
Then I tried to run the whole bash script that Jenkins used to execute. Everything went just perfect and the app was uploaded to HockeyApp as the result.
I came with the thought that the issue is that Jenkins runs it remotely on that Mac and finally I have tried just to re-build again and it magically worked fine this time.
No idea what it was, but since then I have performed three or more builds already and all of them were successful.
Note I haven't changed anything, and my script:
1) never used a full path;
2) always used an actual tell block;
3,4) nothing like that from the accepted answer was ever used.
So... Go away mysterious grieving crap! Go away! :)