Bash bad substitution with subshell and substring

StackOverflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5917439

문제

A contrived example... given 

FOO="/foo/bar/baz"

this works (in bash)

BAR=$(basename $FOO) # result is BAR="baz"
BAZ=${BAR:0:1}       # result is BAZ="b"

this doesn't

BAZ=${$(basename $FOO):0:1} # result is bad substitution

My question is which rule causes this [subshell substitution] to evaluate incorrectly? And what is the correct way, if any, to do this in 1 hop?

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