use CURL:
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'http:\\www.somesite.com\somefile.html');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_BINARYTRANSFER, 1);
$data = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
curl_exec($ch) will return FALSE if no file is present or the actual data on success
However:
You'd better bind your shared folder to a logical hard drive with
net use E: \\servername\shareddirectory
doing this will allow you to access your remote file as it were on a local disk (say E:).
file_exists() should work if you give the "local" path E:\filepath\filename