The short answer is, 'no'. The answer provided by Frédéric Hamidi is not incorrect, but it does not work in dart2js (dart:mirrors is largely unimplemented in dart2js).
Also, while checking whether an object responds to a particular method is very common in other languages (Ruby, for example), it does not seem particularly Dart-y to me. Maybe once mirrors are fully supported in Dart, this will change.
And its hard to say whether reflection based on mirrors is 'lightweight/inexpensive'. It depends on the use case and how you define these terms.
I would say that your best bet is call the method on the object, catch the NoSuchMethod exception, and implement some default error-handling behavior. This especially makes sense if you normally expect the method to be present.