I am not a native speaker but I do think there is a difference.
If sth. is scalable, that means it can adopt to growth. This does not say how it adopts (that is, either by being so well-fitted already that it could take more requests, or by adding more resources of the same type, or by easily changing components).
Wikipedia says:
[It is the] ability to be enlarged to accommodate [some kind of] growth.
In theory it might also refer to a "downsizing" but that is normally not so interesting from an IT point of view.
You proposed:
Extensible - add more functionality to the system.
Possibly, but not necessarily. It might also refer to adding more capacity that serves the same purposes as before.
I'd say:
Scalability means a system is able to accomodate growth. I.e. the system grows.
Extensibility means you are able to (easily) add something to the system. I.e. something new is attached to the system - which does not have to be growth-related.