This is a bug, reported by same author of this question. It is not likely to be fixed until Rails 5, or so it seems by looking at the milestone it has been assigned to.
If you land here, like me, after some hours dealing with this issue unknowing that it is really a bug, maybe you want to know that you can do that in an Integration test:
$ rails g integration_test my_integration_test
require 'test_helper'
class MyIntegrationTestTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
setup do
@owner = Owner.create(name: 'My name')
@json = { name: 'name', value: 'My new name' }.to_json
end
test "update owner passing json" do
patch "/owners/#{@owner.id}",
@json,
{ 'Accept' => Mime::JSON, 'Content-Type' => Mime::JSON.to_s}
assert_response :success
assert_equal 'application/json', response.headers['Content-Type']
assert_not_nil assigns :owner
assert_equal 'My new name', assigns(:owner).name
end
end