It sounds like you're trying to pass data back from the presentedVC to the presentingVC. If that's the case, the approach is the same whether you're using the new iOS 7 custom animated transitions or not.
You have 2 options, again the same if you use a standard transition or a custom transition.
Use a delegate pattern when you click Back. That way the presentingVC calls dismiss and can access the presentedVC and any of it's properties.
How do I set up a simple delegate to communicate between two view controllers?
Use an unwind segue. This accomplishes the same thing but using storyboards. https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/technotes/tn2298/_index.html
You can access both view controllers in prepareForSegue:
and in the animationController's animateTransition:
method using the transitioningContext
but I think you're just talking about transferring back data and that can be done using one of the above approaches.