Thanks to @SiddharthRout for the solution and the link to a thread at windows dev center.
The problem was that in the connection string one cannot set the delimiting string but only specify that the file is delimited using a specific character. FMT=Delimited(@)
is treated just the same as FMT=Delimited
or FMT=Delimited(,)
.
I had to create a file schema.ini in the folder that contains the csv-file (data.txt) where I had to enter:
[data.txt]
Format = Delimited(@)
The schema.ini file will be parsed and the delimiter is read correctly and everything works (as long as I don't change any file names).
I also found another source at msdn that explains how to set the delimiting string (using either the registry or the mentioned schema.ini) and also includes Tabstops and fixed length separated files.