With d3, you'd construct a time parser, give it a string to parse, and get back a Date object.
var parser = d3.time.format('%d. %m. %Y %H:%M');
var date = parser.parse("05. 52. 2014 4:32");
Then you can do as you wish with this date object, including
var hours = date.getHours() // 4
var minutes = date.getMinutes() // 32
But, did you mean you don't want to use d3 (despite your question being tagged with d3)? If so, you can also use RegExp:
var dateString = "05. 52. 2014 4:32";
var matches = dateString.match(/(\d?\d):(\d\d)$/);
// yields ["4:32", "4", "32"]
Then you can get the tokens you want either via
var hours = matches[1];
var minutes = matches[2]
or
var hours = RegExp.$1;
var minutes = RegExp.$2
In either case though, RegExp gives you back strings, so you need to convert them to Numbers if you're doing quantitative stuff with them:
var hours = parseInt(matches[1]);
or more cryptically
var hours = +matches[1];