I don't think such a feature exists these days. There used to be Red Gate's Exception Hunter but it is discontinued with the following explanation:
With the release of .NET 4.0 and WPF, the number of exceptions that the CLR can throw was greatly increased, to the point of being overwhelming. The exclusions list can no longer cover all the unlikely exceptions that the CLR may throw. This means that, although Exception Hunter will provide accurate results, these results will include a long list of potential exceptions, most of which are nothing to worry about. In essence, the tool has become a lot less usable and makes your job harder than it should be. This goes against our ingeniously simple ethos, so we have decided to stop selling new licenses for the product.
From my experience, John Saunders is quite right - you should know the exact exception you want to handle, and handle it specifically. I guess it goes well with TDD.