No, it is not officially possible currently. In both frameworks changes to the structure can only be done on the respective UI thread.
However, in the future this may change, but I do not know of any concrete plans that oracle may have and I cannot find an appropriate task in their jira.
edit: I found the specific thread about this on the javafx mailinglist: http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/openjfx-dev/2013-August/009541.html
jira issue: https://javafx-jira.kenai.com/browse/RT-30694
appearently there is an experimental system property that can be set to enable a "single threaded mode": -Djavafx.embed.singleThread=true