The whole mercurial repository usually remains in your working folder, right under the sub-folder .hg
. I say usually, because by deleting your working folder, you also deleted your repo, so yes, it cannot be found anymore. Simply downloading your latest state does not bring it back.
Don't worry, since you had the whole repo in Bitbucket, you only need to reclone. Make a manual backup of your current changes before doing so, if you don't want to loose them.