Map the variables in executable to memory segments

Question

Is there a tool in Linux which maps the different variable in an executable to it corresponding memory segments.

For example, if i have a initialized global variable int x = 10 in my executable, the tool should show that the variable belongs to .data segment of the executable in a format similar to what is shown below.

x .data

Answer 1

If your executable is not stripped, then the nm command (see also Linux manpage for nm) will do what you want - it prints a table of symbol names / addresses / types. It's got multiple output options; on Linux, the "sysv"-style formatting comes close to giving you what you want. Sample:

$ nm -f sysv /bin/perl


Symbols from /bin/perl:

Name                            Value Class      Type            Size Line Section

Bases.3             |000000000813019c|  d  |   OBJECT|0000000000000014|  |.data
F0convert           |00000000080c6905|  t  |     FUNC|00000000000000c6|  |.text
PL_AMG_names        |0000000008137c80|  D  |   OBJECT|0000000000000108|  |.data
PL_No               |0000000008137904|  D  |   OBJECT|0000000000000004|  |.data
PL_Yes              |0000000008137900|  D  |   OBJECT|0000000000000004|  |.data
[ ... ]
PL_curinterp        |0000000008138e88|  B  |   OBJECT|0000000000000004|  |.bss
PL_do_undump        |0000000008137910|  D  |   OBJECT|0000000000000001|  |.data
PL_dollarzero_mutex |0000000008138e58|  B  |   OBJECT|0000000000000018|  |.bss
PL_fold             |000000000812c020|  R  |   OBJECT|0000000000000100|  |.rodata
PL_fold_locale      |0000000008135c80|  D  |   OBJECT|0000000000000100|  |.data
PL_force_link_funcs |0000000008137da0|  D  |   OBJECT|00000000000006c8|  |.data
PL_freq             |000000000812c120|  R  |   OBJECT|0000000000000100|  |.rodata
PL_hexdigit         |0000000008137908|  D  |   OBJECT|0000000000000004|  |.data
PL_memory_wrap      |000000000812bfa3|  R  |   OBJECT|0000000000000013|  |.rodata
[ ... ]
PerlIO_setpos       |0000000008112134|  T  |     FUNC|00000000000000a6|  |.text
PerlIO_sprintf      |00000000081122ee|  T  |     FUNC|000000000000002a|  |.text
PerlIO_stdio        |0000000008138720|  D  |   OBJECT|0000000000000070|  |.data
PerlIO_stdoutf      |0000000008112066|  T  |     FUNC|000000000000003b|  |.text
[ ... ]

If you do create an object file from the C sourcecode:

    int x = 10;

and run that through nm, it gives:

$ nm -f sysv xxxx.o


Symbols from xxxx.o:

Name         Value            Class        Type         Size     Line  Section

x           |0000000000000000|   D  |    OBJECT|0000000000000004|     |.data

Note the Value field reported by it is the address of said symbol, not the contents of the variable.

If you run strip over it, this table is removed though and all nm tells you is "no symbols".