From the document
A searchable activity is the Activity in your application that performs searches based on a query string and presents the search results.
When the user executes a search in the search dialog or widget, the system starts your searchable activity and delivers it the search query in an Intent with the ACTION_SEARCH action. Your searchable activity retrieves the query from the intent's QUERY extra, then searches your data and presents the results.
Thus your android.app.searchable
activity can/will handle all the Search request from the whole application if you define it to other activities as their search activity is your serchable activity.
<activity android:name=".OtherActivity" ... >
<!-- enable the search dialog to send searches to SearchableActivity -->
<meta-data android:name="android.app.default_searchable"
android:value="com.app.MainActivity" />
</activity>
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/search/search-dialog.html