How to validate XML against XSD 1.1 in Java?

Question

What is the best way to validate XML files against XML Schema 1.1 in Java?

I took the code from this tutorial and changed the line where it looks up the factory to use XML Schema 1.1 as I have seen in this code example from the Xerces FAQ.

This is my code:

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.Schema;
import javax.xml.validation.SchemaFactory;
import javax.xml.validation.Validator;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class XSDValidator {
    private static void validateFile(File xmlFile, File xsdFile) throws SAXException, IOException
    {
        // 1. Lookup a factory for the W3C XML Schema language
        SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance("http://www.w3.org/XML/XMLSchema/v1.1");
        // SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);

        // 2. Compile the schema.
        File schemaLocation = xsdFile;
        Schema schema = factory.newSchema(schemaLocation);

        // 3. Get a validator from the schema.
        Validator validator = schema.newValidator();

        // 4. Parse the document you want to check.
        Source source = new StreamSource(xmlFile);

        // 5. Check the document
        try
        {
            validator.validate(source);
            System.out.println(xmlFile.getName() + " is valid.");
        }
        catch (SAXException ex)
        {
            System.out.println(xmlFile.getName() + " is not valid because ");
            System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

The code throws this exception:

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: No SchemaFactory that implements the schema language specified by: http://www.w3.org/XML/XMLSchema/v1.1 could be loaded

As I see it I have exactly the same imports as the code snippet in the Xerces FAQ. I even tried to add Xerces to my Maven dependencies but that didn't help either.

Cheers :)

Answer 1

I don't think you can use the JAXP service mechanism to search for an XSD 1.1 processor. Load Saxon or Xerces in the normal way, and then enable XSD 1.1 processing. For Saxon this is done using

SchemaFactory.setProperty("http://saxon.sf.net/feature/xsd-version", "1.1")

UPDATE 2021-09-04 In recent Saxon releases, XSD 1.1 is the default, and no special property needs to be set to enable it.

Answer 2

Unfortunately, neither the JDK bundled version (as of Java 8) nor the latest official version from maven central (2.11.0) contains XSD 1.1 implementation.

You actually need the 2.11.0-xml-schema-1.1-beta version of Xerces to able to run the example in the FAQ you have linked.

You may do one of the following.

1. Download the Xerces2 Java 2.11.0 (XML Schema 1.1) (Beta) binaries from Xerces website and manually add jars to the classpath (or install locally via Maven). Link: http://xerces.apache.org/mirrors.cgi. You need at least the following:

   cupv10k-runtime.jar
   org.eclipse.wst.xml.xpath2.processor_1.1.0.jar
   xercesImpl.jar
   xml-apis.jar
   

2. Use the following unofficial maven dependency.

   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.opengis.cite.xerces</groupId>
       <artifactId>xercesImpl-xsd11</artifactId>
       <version>2.12-beta-r1667115</version>
   </dependency>
   

Answer 3

After searching for a while, this tutorial contains these dependency worked for me:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.exist-db.thirdparty.xerces</groupId>
    <artifactId>xercesImpl</artifactId>
    <version>2.12.0</version>
    <classifier>xml-schema-1.1</classifier>
</dependency>

<!-- xpath2 and java-cup are needed at runtime
        for xercesImpl Schema 1.1 support -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.exist-db.thirdparty.org.eclipse.wst.xml</groupId>
    <artifactId>xpath2</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.0</version>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>edu.princeton.cup</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-cup</artifactId>
    <version>10k</version>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

Unfortunately, these libraries don't seem to be official. So, use it at your own risk.

Answer 4

There is a generic XML validator that works with XML Schema v1.1, which uses xercesImpl-xsd11 2.12-beta-r1667115. The validator is available here as a Maven plugin, and here as an embeddable library.

Answer 5

Xerces-J provides a "fully compliant XML Schema 1.1 implementation" since version 2.12.0, current version is 2.12.2, see release history here: https://xerces.apache.org/news.html.