Solved it guys! Very stupid of me to overlook this, but here is the solution:
C# creates a workflowProperties variable for you of type SPWorkflowActivationProperties which contains all the methods and properties to get the data you need:
public SPWorkflowActivationProperties workflowProperties = new SPWorkflowActivationProperties(); // auto generated code.
Then to get the list item data or even list data all you do is:
SPList oList = workflowProperties.List; // get the list that contains the list item on which the workflow instance is running.
SPListItem oItem = workflowProperties.Item; // get the list item on which the workflow instance is running.
So to get my "Name" data I would've had to:
string name = workflowProperties.Item["Name"].ToString();
Hope this helps someone, although fortunately nobody is as stupid as me so you guys will probably figure it out yourself.