It sounds like you need something like this. If this is not what you need then explain more clear what you're trying to acheive.
while (sqlrdr.Read())
{
string tableValue = sqlrdr[0].ToString();
bool found = listBox1.Items.Cast<object>().Any(x=>x.ToString() == tableValue);
if(found)
{
//Search found do whatever
}
else
{
//Search not found do whatever
}
}