Static pages will have no JavaScript support.
Wrong. Static page doesn't have database support, but it supports JavaScript (quite obvious actually).
Jekyll has built-in syntax highlight engines with Pygments or Rouge. Pygments needs Python, while Rouge is pure Ruby based. Please have a look at documentation here.
If you don't want to use built-in engine, yes, Prism is also possible. You can totally follow the usual usage like this, or use this Jekyll Prism Plugin. For example, this article in my blog uses both built-in Pygments highlighting (for Ruby and Python code) and JavaScript Google prettify highlighting (for C# code).
If you don't know how to use JavaScript in your Jekyll project, please post your repository link, so we can help out.