You don't need the FROM
clause. Just:
SELECT SETVAL('SCHEMA1.tbl_one_id_seq', 234);
In future, when you say "it doesn't work" you should be specific about what error message you get exactly.
Possibly your schema is case-perserved? If so, you want:
SELECT SETVAL('"SCHEMA1"."tbl_one_id_seq"', 234);
Note the quotes on the identifier to prevent case-folding.