HDF5 works fine for concurrent read only access.
For concurrent write access you either have to use parallel HDF5 or have a worker process that takes care of writing to an HDF5 store.
There are some efforts to combine HDF5 with a RESTful API from the HDF Group intself. See here and here for more details. I am not sure how mature it is.
I recommend to use a hybrid approach and expose it via a RESTful API.
You can store meta-information in a SQL/NoSQL database and keep the raw data (time series data) in one or multiple HDF5 files.
There is one public REST API to access the data and the user doesn't have to care what happens behind the curtains.
That's also the approach we are taking for storing biological information.