This is a common problem caused by asset fingerprinting (not just a Rails 4.1 issue)
The way to fix it is to use a precompiler in your CSS (Rails comes with SASS). A precompiler basically means you can treat CSS files like erb
-- use certain helpers & variables:
#app/assets/stylesheets/application.css.sass
body
background: asset_url("/layout/gototop.png")
asset_url
(seems it's now called asset-url
) basically allows you to call assets by their fingerprinted name
As per our discussion, you also need to do this with rake assets:precompile RAILS_ENV=production
. After firing this command in the console, it worked as expected