From the documentation you linked to: (emphasis mine)
Additionally it allows you to query data strings added to elements via jQuery’s ‘data’ method:
// Add data property to all images (just an example);
$('img').each(function(){
$(this).data('extension', $(this)[0].src.match(/\.(.{1,4})$/)[1]);
});
// Select all images with PNG or JPG extensions:
$('img:regex(data:extension, png|jpg)');
You would need to run both parts of that code, not just the second part. Your image in your example does not have a data attribute.
--EDIT--
Also, you don't need regex to get this functionality, just do this:
var elm = $('img[src$=png]');
Here's a fiddle