Which algorithm to be used to find dependency between components?

Question

In our build script, We split our applications into components.

The scenario will be like this.

Any component may depend upon one or more component.

For ex. We are having components1 to Component12.

Component1 depend upon component2 and component3.

Component 4 depend upon component2 and component6

If i specify in script to build component1 and component4 with dependency then it should be build in this order Component2, component3,component1,component6 and component4.

Which algorithm will be useful to find dependency better and ensure that no components needs to be executed twice.