The only field that is viewable in the Transaction Details page of Dwolla.com is the data-notes. So, if you'd like to be able to correlate transactions, I would suggest adding the Shopify order ID to the data-notes. The data-orderId field is viewable in the Transactions/ById() API call.
The data-name and data-desc, as you've already discovered, are only used at the time of checkout to list the products purchased.