There isn't an automated service, and many of the online lists/services that attempt this are woefully out of date (I just checked a random MasterCard range 557548 against bindb for example, and found it not listed)
The official lists are managed by ANSI www.ansi.org/iin and distributed monthly by the American Banking Association. You would need to qualify yourself as a Payment Service Provider (or higher) to have access to these lists.
For the most part though you shouldn't need to convert the IIN (or BIN) to a card scheme. You just submit the full card number to your payment gateway and let them do the work.