There is actually a good range of solutions for this. One solution would be to detect if HLS can be played:
document.createElement('video').canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegURL') !== ''
However, this would not allow you to play HLS content on devices which do not support playback. At this moment, playback is only supported on Microsoft Edge, iOS Safari, OS X Safari and Android (however, I strongly advise against using HLS on Android due to limitations)
An other solution to play HLS across all platforms in HTML5 is to use an HTML5 HLS player such as THEOplayer. They managed to allow HLS to be played on all popular platforms and devices, including those without Media Source Extension support. Currently, the list of supported browsers and platforms includes: Internet Explorer, Edge, Firefox, Chrome, Opera and Safari on Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Android, iOS and Windows Phone.