Java n-tuple实施
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3642452
-
30-09-2019 - |
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我刚刚做了一个类型安全的Java n-Tuple。
我正在使用一些非常规的方法来实现类型安全性（我只是为了好玩而已）。
有人可以就改善它或一些可能的缺陷提供一些输入。
public class Tuple {
private Object[] arr;
private int size;
private static boolean TypeLock = false;
private static Object[] lastTuple = {1,1,1}; //default tuple type
private Tuple(Object ... c) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
size=c.length;
arr=c;
if(TypeLock)
{
if(c.length == lastTuple.length)
for(int i = 0; i<c.length; i++)
{
if(c[i].getClass() == lastTuple[i].getClass())
continue;
else
throw new RuntimeException("Type Locked");
}
else
throw new RuntimeException("Type Locked");
}
lastTuple = this.arr;
}
public static void setTypeLock(boolean typeLock) {
TypeLock = typeLock;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (this == obj)
return true;
Tuple p = (Tuple)obj;
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
if (p.arr[i].getClass() == this.arr[i].getClass())
{
if (!this.arr[i].equals(p.arr[i]))
return false;
}
else
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int res = 17;
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
res = res*37+arr[i].hashCode();
return res;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return Arrays.toString(arr);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<Tuple,String> birthDay = new HashMap<Tuple,String>();
Tuple p = new Tuple(1,2,1986);
Tuple.setTypeLock(true);
Tuple p2 = new Tuple(2,10,2009);
Tuple p3 = new Tuple(1,2,2010);
Tuple p4 = new Tuple(1,2,2010);
birthDay.put(p,"Kevin");
birthDay.put(p2,"Smith");
birthDay.put(p3,"Sam");
birthDay.put(p4, "Jack");
System.out.println(birthDay);
System.out.println(birthDay.get(new Tuple(1,2,1986)));
birthDay.put(new Tuple(1,2,""),"");
}
}
解决方案
通过做学习的荣誉。以下是“改进机会”的建议：
只能存在一种元组（设置了打字机后）。除非您求助于剪切n-paste重复使用（生日tuple，dimensionStuple，streetaddresstuple，...），这会损害想要使用多种类型的程序的程序中的可重复性和可伸缩性。考虑一个接受目标类型并创建元组建造器对象以生成元组的术语类别。
“ null”作为元组中的值的有效性未记录。我认为在设置打字机之前，允许null。但是，在设置了打字机后，代码将生成NullPoInterException-这是不一致的。如果不允许使用，则构造函数应捕获并禁止它（无论打字如何）。如果允许它们，则代码总体（构造函数，等于，hashcode等）需要修改以允许它。
确定元组是否旨在成为不可变价的对象。我猜是基于缺乏固定器方法。如果是这样，请注意“采用”传入数组 -
lastTuple=this.arr. 。即使它是var arg构造函数，也可以直接使用一个数组调用构造函数。该类采用数组（对其进行引用），后来可以在类外部更改数组中的值。我将进行数组的浅副本，但也可以通过具有不可芒特值的元素（可以在元组之外更改）记录潜在问题。您的
equals方法缺乏无效检查（if (obj == null) return false）和班级检查（要么obj instanceof Tuple或者this.getClass().equals(object.getClass())）。等法有充分的文献记载。除了通过
toString. 。这保护了价值观和整体不可变性，但我认为这限制了班级的实用性。虽然我意识到这只是一个例子，但我不希望将此课用于生日/日期之类的东西。在具有固定对象类型的解决方案域中，实际类（例如日期）要好得多。我想这类课程在元素为第一类对象的特定域中很有用。
编辑一直在想这个。这是我对一些代码的看法（ON github + 测试):
===
Tuple.java
===
package com.stackoverflow.tuple;
/**
* Tuple are immutable objects. Tuples should contain only immutable objects or
* objects that won't be modified while part of a tuple.
*/
public interface Tuple {
public TupleType getType();
public int size();
public <T> T getNthValue(int i);
}
===
TupleType.java
===
package com.stackoverflow.tuple;
/**
* Represents a type of tuple. Used to define a type of tuple and then
* create tuples of that type.
*/
public interface TupleType {
public int size();
public Class<?> getNthType(int i);
/**
* Tuple are immutable objects. Tuples should contain only immutable objects or
* objects that won't be modified while part of a tuple.
*
* @param values
* @return Tuple with the given values
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the wrong # of arguments or incompatible tuple values are provided
*/
public Tuple createTuple(Object... values);
public class DefaultFactory {
public static TupleType create(final Class<?>... types) {
return new TupleTypeImpl(types);
}
}
}
===
TupleImpl.java (not visible outside package)
===
package com.stackoverflow.tuple;
import java.util.Arrays;
class TupleImpl implements Tuple {
private final TupleType type;
private final Object[] values;
TupleImpl(TupleType type, Object[] values) {
this.type = type;
if (values == null || values.length == 0) {
this.values = new Object[0];
} else {
this.values = new Object[values.length];
System.arraycopy(values, 0, this.values, 0, values.length);
}
}
@Override
public TupleType getType() {
return type;
}
@Override
public int size() {
return values.length;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public <T> T getNthValue(int i) {
return (T) values[i];
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object object) {
if (object == null) return false;
if (this == object) return true;
if (! (object instanceof Tuple)) return false;
final Tuple other = (Tuple) object;
if (other.size() != size()) return false;
final int size = size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
final Object thisNthValue = getNthValue(i);
final Object otherNthValue = other.getNthValue(i);
if ((thisNthValue == null && otherNthValue != null) ||
(thisNthValue != null && ! thisNthValue.equals(otherNthValue))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hash = 17;
for (Object value : values) {
if (value != null) {
hash = hash * 37 + value.hashCode();
}
}
return hash;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return Arrays.toString(values);
}
}
===
TupleTypeImpl.java (not visible outside package)
===
package com.stackoverflow.tuple;
class TupleTypeImpl implements TupleType {
final Class<?>[] types;
TupleTypeImpl(Class<?>[] types) {
this.types = (types != null ? types : new Class<?>[0]);
}
public int size() {
return types.length;
}
//WRONG
//public <T> Class<T> getNthType(int i)
//RIGHT - thanks Emil
public Class<?> getNthType(int i) {
return types[i];
}
public Tuple createTuple(Object... values) {
if ((values == null && types.length == 0) ||
(values != null && values.length != types.length)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Expected "+types.length+" values, not "+
(values == null ? "(null)" : values.length) + " values");
}
if (values != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {
final Class<?> nthType = types[i];
final Object nthValue = values[i];
if (nthValue != null && ! nthType.isAssignableFrom(nthValue.getClass())) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Expected value #"+i+" ('"+
nthValue+"') of new Tuple to be "+
nthType+", not " +
(nthValue != null ? nthValue.getClass() : "(null type)"));
}
}
}
return new TupleImpl(this, values);
}
}
===
TupleExample.java
===
package com.stackoverflow.tupleexample;
import com.stackoverflow.tuple.Tuple;
import com.stackoverflow.tuple.TupleType;
public class TupleExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// This code probably should be part of a suite of unit tests
// instead of part of this a sample program
final TupleType tripletTupleType =
TupleType.DefaultFactory.create(
Number.class,
String.class,
Character.class);
final Tuple t1 = tripletTupleType.createTuple(1, "one", 'a');
final Tuple t2 = tripletTupleType.createTuple(2l, "two", 'b');
final Tuple t3 = tripletTupleType.createTuple(3f, "three", 'c');
final Tuple tnull = tripletTupleType.createTuple(null, "(null)", null);
System.out.println("t1 = " + t1);
System.out.println("t2 = " + t2);
System.out.println("t3 = " + t3);
System.out.println("tnull = " + tnull);
final TupleType emptyTupleType =
TupleType.DefaultFactory.create();
final Tuple tempty = emptyTupleType.createTuple();
System.out.println("\ntempty = " + tempty);
// Should cause an error
System.out.println("\nCreating tuple with wrong types: ");
try {
final Tuple terror = tripletTupleType.createTuple(1, 2, 3);
System.out.println("Creating this tuple should have failed: "+terror);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
// Should cause an error
System.out.println("\nCreating tuple with wrong # of arguments: ");
try {
final Tuple terror = emptyTupleType.createTuple(1);
System.out.println("Creating this tuple should have failed: "+terror);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
// Should cause an error
System.out.println("\nGetting value as wrong type: ");
try {
final Tuple t9 = tripletTupleType.createTuple(9, "nine", 'i');
final String verror = t9.getNthValue(0);
System.out.println("Getting this value should have failed: "+verror);
} catch (ClassCastException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
}
}
===
Sample Run
===
t1 = [1, one, a]
t2 = [2, two, b]
t3 = [3.0, three, c]
tnull = [null, (null), null]
tempty = []
Creating tuple with wrong types:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Expected value #1 ('2') of new Tuple to be class java.lang.String, not class java.lang.Integer
at com.stackoverflow.tuple.TupleTypeImpl.createTuple(TupleTypeImpl.java:32)
at com.stackoverflow.tupleexample.TupleExample.main(TupleExample.java:37)
Creating tuple with wrong # of arguments:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Expected 0 values, not 1 values
at com.stackoverflow.tuple.TupleTypeImpl.createTuple(TupleTypeImpl.java:22)
at com.stackoverflow.tupleexample.TupleExample.main(TupleExample.java:46)
Getting value as wrong type:
java.lang.ClassCastException: java.lang.Integer cannot be cast to java.lang.String
at com.stackoverflow.tupleexample.TupleExample.main(TupleExample.java:58)
其他提示
这种类型如何？您正在投掷运行时异常，而不是在编译时报告类型错误。
您正在尝试在静态键入语言中不可能在不丢失TypeAfety的情况下抽象（到目前为止）。
附录：
元组可以由异质元素组成（即具有不同类型的元素）。因此，不可能提供甚至“ rutime typesafety” Tuple 班级。班级的客户负责制作适当的演员。
这是您在Java中可以做的最好的： (编辑： 看 布伦特的帖子 为了更好地实施 Tuple. 。 （它不需要在客户端打字。）
final class Tuple {
private final List<Object> elements;
public Tuple(final Object ... elements) {
this.elements = Arrays.asList(elements);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return elements.toString();
}
//
// Override 'equals' and 'hashcode' here
//
public Object at(final int index) {
return elements.get(index);
}
}
这是最简单的解决方案，也是最好的解决方案。这类似于.NET中的元素的表示方式。它小心地避开了爪哇擦除。它是强烈键入的。它不会引发异常。这是非常容易使用。
public interface Tuple
{
int size();
}
public class Tuple2<T1,T2> implements Tuple
{
public final T1 item1;
public final T2 item2;
public Tuple2(
final T1 item_1,
final T2 item_2)
{
item1 = item_1;
item2 = item_2;
}
@Override
public int size()
{
return 2;
}
}
public class Tuple3<T1,T2,T3> implements Tuple
{
public final T1 item1;
public final T2 item2;
public final T3 item3;
public Tuple3(
final T1 item_1,
final T2 item_2,
final T3 item_3)
{
item1 = item_1;
item2 = item_2;
item3 = item_3;
}
@Override
public int size()
{
return 3;
}
}
你应该看 .NET的元组实现. 。它们是编译时间类型安全。
目的是什么 typeLock？允许某人防止构建更多这些对象？这部分没有多大意义。
您为什么要让某人防止进一步实例化您的物体？如果由于某种原因这是您所需要的，而不是“锁定”类并抛出异常，只需确保代码路径...不会创建更多类型的对象。
静态的目的是什么 lastTuple 设置为最后一个实例的参考 Tuple？混合这样的静态参考是一种糟糕的做法。
坦白说，即使对此课程的需求令人困惑，代码也很令人困惑。如果以某种方式是我在工作环境中进行审查的代码，我将不允许。
在Wave项目中看到此代码
public class Tuple<A> {
private final A[] elements;
public static <A> Tuple<A> of(A ... elements) {
return new Tuple<A>(elements);
}
public Tuple(A ... elements) {
this.elements = elements;
}
public A get(int index) {
return elements[index];
}
public int size() {
return elements.length;
}
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (this == o) {
return true;
}
if (o == null || o.getClass() != this.getClass()) {
return false;
}
Tuple<A> o2 = (Tuple<A>) o;
return Arrays.equals(elements, o2.elements);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Arrays.hashCode(elements);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return Arrays.toString(elements);
}
}
这是一个真正可怕的n键盘实现，它使用仿制药来提供编译时类型检查。主要方法（用于演示目的）表明，这将是多么可怕：
interface ITuple { }
/**
* Typed immutable arbitrary-length tuples implemented as a linked list.
*
* @param <A> Type of the first element of the tuple
* @param <D> Type of the rest of the tuple
*/
public class Tuple<A, D extends ITuple> implements ITuple {
/** Final element of a tuple, or the single no-element tuple. */
public static final TupleVoid END = new TupleVoid();
/** First element of tuple. */
public final A car;
/** Remainder of tuple. */
public final D cdr;
public Tuple(A car, D cdr) {
this.car = car;
this.cdr = cdr;
}
private static class TupleVoid implements ITuple { private TupleVoid() {} }
// Demo time!
public static void main(String[] args) {
Tuple<String, Tuple<Integer, Tuple<String, TupleVoid>>> triple =
new Tuple<String, Tuple<Integer, Tuple<String, TupleVoid>>>("one",
new Tuple<Integer, Tuple<String, TupleVoid>>(2,
new Tuple<String, TupleVoid>("three",
END)));
System.out.println(triple.car + "/" + triple.cdr.car + "/" + triple.cdr.cdr.car);
//: one/2/three
}
}
如果您对编写类型安全容器的兴趣很感兴趣，请查看仿制药：
public class Tuple<T> {
private final T[] arr;
public Tuple (T... contents) {
arr = contents; //not sure if this compiles??
}
// etc
public static final void main(String[] args) {
Tuple<String> stringTuple = new Tuple<String>("Hello", "World!");
Tuple<Integer> intTuple = new Tuple<Integer>(2010,9,4);
}
}
最好使用仿制药来编译时间类型安全。您可以根据Arity定义一个接口。然后，您可以定义单独的可呼叫接口以访问元组的值。
interface Tuple1 <T0> { <R> R accept ( Callable1<R,T0> callable ) ; }
interface Tuple2 <T0,T1> { <R> R accept ( Callable2<R,T0,T1> callable ) ; }
...
interface Tuplek <T0,T1,T2,...,Tk> { <R> R accept ( Callablek<R,T0,T1,T2,...,Tk> callable ) ; }
interface Callable1<R,T0> { R call ( T0 t0 ) ; }
interface Callable2<R,T0> { R call ( T0 t0 , T1 t1 ) ; }
....
interface Callablek<R,T0,T1,T2,...,Tk> { R call ( T0 t0 , T1 t1 , T2 t2 , ... , Tk tk ) ; }
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