write.table writes unwanted leading empty column to header when has rownames

Question

check this example:

> a = matrix(1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3, dimnames = list(LETTERS[1:3], LETTERS[1:3]))
> a
  A B C
A 1 4 7
B 2 5 8
C 3 6 9

the table displays correctly. There are two different ways of writing it to file...

write.csv(a, 'a.csv') which gives as expected:

"","A","B","C"
"A",1,4,7
"B",2,5,8
"C",3,6,9

and write.table(a, 'a.txt') which screws up

"A" "B" "C"
"A" 1 4 7
"B" 2 5 8
"C" 3 6 9

indeed, an empty tab is missing.... which is a pain in the butt for downstream things. Is this a bug or a feature? Is there a workaround? (other than write.table(cbind(rownames(a), a), 'a.txt', row.names=FALSE)

Cheers, yannick

Answer 1

Citing ?write.table, section CSV files:

By default there is no column name for a column of row names. If col.names = NA and row.names = TRUE a blank column name is added, which is the convention used for CSV files to be read by spreadsheets.

So you must do

write.table(a, 'a.txt', col.names=NA)

and you get

"" "A" "B" "C"
"A" 1 4 7
"B" 2 5 8
"C" 3 6 9

Answer 2

A slight modification to @Marek very helpful answer WILL add a header to the rownames column: temporarily add the rownames as the first column in the data.frame, and write that, ignoring the real rownames.

> a = matrix(1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3, dimnames = list(LETTERS[1:3], LETTERS[1:3]))
> write.table(data.frame("H"=rownames(a),a),"a.txt", row.names=FALSE)

and you get

"H" "A" "B" "C"
"A" 1 4 7
"B" 2 5 8
"C" 3 6 9

Answer 3

For anyone working in the tidyverse (dplyr, etc.), the rownames_to_column() function from the tibble package can be used to easily convert row.names to a column, e.g.:

library('tibble')
a = as.data.frame(matrix(1:9, nrow=3, ncol=3, 
                  dimnames=list(LETTERS[1:3], LETTERS[1:3])))

a %>% rownames_to_column('my_id')

  my_id A B C
1     A 1 4 7
2     B 2 5 8
3     C 3 6 9

Combining this with the row.names=FALSE option in write.table() results in output with header names for all columns.

Answer 4

For those who experience the same issue when saving a matrix with write.table() and want to keep the row.names column, there is actually an extremely simple solution:

 write.table(matrix,file="file.csv",quote=F,sep=";", row.names=T
             col.names=c("row_name_col;val1_col","val2_col"))

By doing that you're basically tricking the write.table function into creating a header label for the row.names column. The resulting .csv file would look like this:

row_name_col;val1_col;val2_col
row1;1;4 
row2;2;5 
row3;3;6 

Answer 5

I revised a simple function from @mnel, which adds flexibility by using connections. Here is the function:

my.write <- function(x, file, header, f = write.csv, ...){
# create and open the file connection
datafile <- file(file, open = 'wt')
# close on exit 
on.exit(close(datafile))
# if a header is defined, write it to the file (@CarlWitthoft's suggestion)
if(!missing(header)) {
writeLines(header,con=datafile, sep='\t')
writeLines('', con=datafile, sep='\n')
}
# write the file using the defined function and required addition arguments  
f(x, datafile,...)
}

You can specify the function to be 'write.table', 'write.csv', 'write.delim' etc.

Cheers!